Interferometric model for phase analysis in fiber couplers.

An interferometric model is proposed to estimate the phase differences in lossless, strongly coupled biconical fiber couplers. This approximate method is simpler than the traditional s-parameter network theory-based analysis technique and minimizes the number of unknowns. The phase difference between the transmitted and coupled light fields is directly related to the field interaction and can be estimated by employing the energy conservation and mode orthogonality principles. The maximum coupling coefficient and dependence of phase difference on coupling conditions can be analyzed for multiport single-mode fiber couplers.